The literary area defined by the geopolitical conception of Africa that underlies this work embraces a wide variety of languages, each serving to ground a cluster of literary forms. SYLVIE KANDÉ is an independent scholar residing in New York. “The Place of English in an African University.” An Inaugural Lecture delivered at University College, Ibadan, on 7 November. FARIDA ABU-HAIDAR is with the Institute of Linguists in London. 1993. ALAIN RICARD is with the Centre d’Etude d’Afrique Noire of the Universités de Bordeaux, France. We are grateful to Ruthmarie H. Mitsch, of the Ohio State University, for editorial assistance with this project, and to Anne Mischo, a graphic designer with the Ohio State University, for her preparation of maps for this volume. As can be seen, apart from the cultural continuities they represent, a major point of interest is that both modern African literature in the European languages and Caribbean literature provide powerful testimonies to the colonial experience, which, thanks to the work of Immanuel Wallerstein, has come to be regarded as a crucial factor in the constitution of the present global system (1974). At the same time they presented theoretical and methodological interest for academic areas such as discourse analysis and performance theory (via the pioneering work of Victor Turner, 1967, on ritual) as well as for comparative poetics, for example, with respect to parallels between the modes of literary creation in Africa and in medieval Europe: parallels which have been pursued in the work of scholars like Jeff Opland (1983) and, in the later phase of his career, Paul Zumthor (1983; 1990). Decolonizing the Mind. endobj
The work has been designed to take account of the specific historical and cultural context in which this expression has been shown in the two areas of human experience concerned by the project, the formal particularities of the literary corpus, both oral and written, that can be ascribed to the two areas and, in particular, the diversity of material covered by the representative texts. London: Longman. negative African American portrayals on television audiences (Daniels, 2000; Rada, 2000; Stroman, 1984). Harriet Wilson: Bemba increase their wealth by exchanging slaves and ivory for guns (c. 1860–90), Sufism in West Africa; founding of Touba, Senegal (1866), Diamonds discovered in Griqualand and later where Kimberley now stands (1870); Lobengula confirmed as Ndebele king (1870), Tunisia becomes a French Protectorate (1881), French colonization in West Africa (late 1800s), British colonization in West Africa (late 1800s), Translation of English literature into Hausa language, Berlin Conference (Partition of Africa (1884–85)), German rule in Tanganyika (1885); British colonial rule in East Africa (1885), Writing in Swahili-Roman script; Swahili translations of English classics; Swahili historical chronicles, Gold discovered (1886): Transvaal declared a gold mining area, Lobengula grants concession to Charles Rudd, who works for Cecil Rhodes to mine metals and minerals in his territories (1888), Royal Charter granted to Cecil Rhodes’s British South Africa Company on the strength of the Rudd Concession (1889), Islamic Revivalist Movement in Nigeria (1890s), Frederick Lugard establishes depot of Imperial British East Africa Company at Dagoretti (1890); British protectorate in Malawi declared and northern and southern boundaries agreed with Germany and Portugal (1890); British South Africa Company forces occupy Mashonaland (1890), British South Africa Company invades Ndebele kingdom. Zanji Empire and Swahili City States (10th century), Consolidation of Islamic Learning in West Africa (1400), Munhumutapa State flourishes (c. 1420–1720), Portuguese rule in East Africa (1498–1699), African oral tradition enters West Atlantic (1560–1870), Portuguese explorers on the West and Central African coasts (1450–1600); Portuguese attempt to consolidate power in Munhumutapa State (c. 1590–1690). 1983. african americans and slavery in the united states 100 slavery and social control 101 black parents and the "sale" of their children 102 an act prohibiting the teaching of slaves to read 103 slavery and sexual abuse 104 the saga of louisa picquet 106 slavery in the south, 1860 107 african survivals: the debate 108 DAVID ATTWELL is Chair of the Department of English in the School of Language, Culture, and Communication of the University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa. LUPENGA MPHANDE is with the Department of African American and African Studies at the Ohio State University in Columbus. Some subsequently republished in the Oppenheimer Series 1945–50. The term “African literature” has also been taken to refer, albeit in what may be considered a secondary sense, to the “colonial literature” produced by metropolitan European writers for whom Africa has served as the setting either for a complete cycle of works (Pierre Loti, Rider Haggard, Joyce Cary) or for single/specific works (as in the case of Joseph Conrad, Graham Greene, and Castro Soromenho). New York: Oxford University Press. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. Hausa Literature in Arabic language; Joao de Barros: Atlantic Slave Trade (late 1500s – mid-19th century), Dutch in South Africa (late 16th century); Dutch control of Cape of Good Hope (1652), Lunda empire expands south from Southern Congo into Zambia (c. 1600–1700); Lovale settle in Northwest Zambia and Southern Congo (c. 1690); Changamire destroy Portuguese settlements in Northeast Zimbabwe (1690), British begin trafficking slaves (1620s); Royal Adventurers receive charter, authorizing slaves as supply source (1660s), Bemba consolidate their power in Northeastern Zambia under leadership of kings entitled Chitimukulu (c. 1700–1800), Ukawsaw Gronniosaw is born in Borno (1710–14? This is especially the case with the modern literature, where the major thematic preoccupations that have attended the genesis and evolution of literature by black people require to be presented in close relation to the ideological and intellectual concerns by which African and Caribbean expression has been driven since the eighteenth century. <>>>
PATRICIA GEESEY is Associate Professor of French at the University of North Florida. The question of definition arises from the peculiar historical pressures that have attended the development of modern African expression, and their implications for the academic study of African literature. Thus, along with writers from Latin America and other parts of the Third World (notably India, in the case of English), African and Caribbean writers have contributed in very important ways to the expansion of the expressive field of European languages. RUSSELL G. HAMILTON is Professor Emeritus of Lusophone African, Brazilian, and Portuguese Literatures at Vanderbilt University. The literature of the Caribbean is exceptional, both in language and subject. the negritude moment explorations in francophone african and caribbean literature and thought Sep 18, 2020 Posted By Clive Cussler Media Publishing TEXT ID 5932a5d7 Online PDF Ebook Epub Library negritude moment explorations in francophone african and caribbean literature and thought africa world press 2011 and john patrick walsh gave us free and french in the Jesuit Zambezi Mission Letters 1879–89 republished in 1960s and 1970s. "(Guruprasad, 27) also in Africa ⦠Brings together key texts that are otherwise hard to locate Covers all genres and critical schools Provides the intellectual context for understanding African literature Facilitates the future development of African ⦠African literature, literary works of the African continent. 1971. Caribbean literature is the literature of the various territories of the Caribbean region. Ali Mazrui AFRICA'S 100 BEST BOOKS OF THE 20TH CENTURY project was first suggested at the 1998 Zimbabwe International Book Fair in Harare. Irele, F. Abiola. TEODROS KIROS is Professor of Philosophy at Suffolk University in Boston. These collections, the Oxford Library of African Literature and the “Classiques Africains” series in France have furnished the main reference texts on which scholarship on African oral literature continues to rely. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. violence in francophone african and caribbean womens literature Oct 03, 2020 Posted By Hermann Hesse Publishing TEXT ID d639494d Online PDF Ebook Epub Library media publishing text id 46365059 online pdf ebook epub library womens literature kalisa marie chantal amazonsg books kalisas analysis of gendered violence is a Most of the material is on the 3rd floor, except for fiction located on the 1st floor. Regular reports and letters from agents of the LMS, and subsequently the Church of Scotland and Free Church of Scotland published in missionary magazines 1860–90. Caribbean Literature Books Showing 1-50 of 506 Wide Sargasso Sea (Paperback) by. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1970. The ancient tradition of Ethiopian literature in Ge’ez, and modern works like Thomas Mofolo’s Shaka in the Sotho language, and the series of Yoruba novels by D. O. Fagunwa, were thus able finally to receive the consideration they deserved. Here the main concern is with the African past in Caribbean literature and its presence in Caribbean life either as a cultural and personal dichotomy or as a unifying influence. ADELE KING is Professor of French at Ball State University in Muncie, Indiana. The African Quest for Freedom and Identity. These were the circumstances that gave impetus to the academic study of African literature as a discipline, focused on the two modes of existence, oral and written, in which this literature has been manifested. The transition to modern experience signaled by literary and intellectual response to the encounter with Europe, in all its tragic dimensions, provides the keynote of the latter chapters, devoted largely to the literature in the European languages, marked by its engagement with the problems of racial emancipation and of decolonization both in Africa and the New World as well as with the aftermath in the post-independence period. Book Description: The establishment of the Caribbean Court of Justice sees the countries of the Commonwealth Caribbean at an important and exciting judicial crossroads. ALAMIN MAZRUI is a professor in the Department of African American and African Studies at the Ohio State University in Columbus. TEJUMOLA OLANIYAN is with the Department of African Languages and Literature at the University of Wisconsin in Madison. The African Imagination: Literature in Africa and the Black Diaspora. The emphasis on structure and orientation toward expressive values in literary scholarship occasioned by the so-called “oral-formulaic theory” associated with Parry and Lord helped to foster a renewed attention to African orality and a recognition of its purely literary articulations. 2001. AMPIE COETZEE is Senior Professor of Afrikaans Literature at the University of the Western Cape, Bellville (near Cape Town), South Africa. 2 0 obj
These considerations have compelled an approach that departs in important respects from the conventional literary histories, which typically consist in a progressive narration of distinctive periods and movements in the evolution of a national literature, with appropriate emphasis on the great figures and works that have determined this evolution. Ngugi wa Thiong’o. Africa is viewed here in geopolitical terms, covering both the sub-Saharan regions habitually associated with black populations, as well as North Africa, including Egypt, inhabited today predominantly by Arab people. SABRA WEBBER is an Associate Professor, with a joint appointment in the Departments of Near Eastern Languages and Cultures and Comparative Studies in the Humanities at the Ohio State University in Columbus. The early chapters are devoted to an extensive overview of the oral tradition in Africa and the New World. ATO QUAYSON is with the Department of English in Pembroke College, Cambridge. More than a million and a half Africans, along with many Indians and South Asians, were brought to the Caribbean between the 15th and 19th centuries. Francophone African And Caribbean Womens LiteratureCaribbean Women's Literature by Marie-Chantal Kalisa (ISBN: 9780803211025) from Amazon's Book Store. As regards the extrinsic aspects, the particular problems that arise from the guiding conception of the project happen in fact to form an integral part of the history of the literature. The oral texts that infused with life the institutional framework of precolonial African societies and cultures featured in western scholarship largely as ancillary documents in such disciplines as anthropology and ethnohistory. 2. The postulate of a fundamental African sensibility conditioned by common forms of social experience and cultural practice is strengthened by the evident vitality in the New World of African-derived forms of folklore and religious expression. This new literature of African assertion, in many ways the culmination of an earlier discourse going back to the eighteenth century concerned with exploring the historic encounter with Europe, helped to define a new historic profile of Africans and black people as part of the human community, a status they had been denied by an accumulated history of slavery, colonialism, racism. Muntu. African American students âinvoluntary immigrants to the USA and foreign born Afro âCaribbean and Africans who immigrated to the USA â voluntary immigrants), such as: cultural influences and levels of parental involvement. ATO QUAYSON. 1999. The Forest of Symbols: Aspects of Ndembu Ritual. View French and Francophone Studies, African and Caribbean Literature, New World Studies, Gender and Women Studies Research Papers on Academia.edu for free. This work has therefore been conceived as essentially a comprehensive survey of the field, structured along generic lines as regards the oral tradition, and along linguistic/regional lines as regards the modern literature in both the African and European languages. Another issue that arises from a consideration of the corpus is the question of “national” literatures in Africa being increasingly raised by African scholars, notably the Beninois critic Adrien Wanou, who has argued for the “territorial imperative” as a determining factor in the development of new literary traditions in contemporary Africa, a question that assumed prominence with the publication of Richard Bjornson’s pioneering study of Cameroonian literature (1991). SIMON GIKANDI is Professor of English Language and Literature at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. %PDF-1.5
MAUREEN WARNER-LEWIS is Professor of African-Caribbean Language and Orature in the Department of Literatures in English, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica. This awareness informs such concepts as pan-Africanism and Negritude, and provides the keynote to the most significant literature by black writers in the twentieth century. They represent the earliest texts in which the implications of the historic encounter between Africa and Europe are documented in factual terms and explored in imaginative terms, and inaugurate a modern awareness arising out of this encounter, an awareness that is bound to a new sense of the black racial community, defined as much by its objective situation of historical adversity as by the cultural continuities which bind the black populations of the African diaspora to the mother continent. This was to result in many wars and the loss of land and livestock to the Dutch trekkers, as well as personal freedom, whose consequences are still felt. The writer assumed a prophetic role as the vanguard of the African revolution – the “voice of vision in his own time” as Wole Soyinka was later to proclaim – and literature an intense valuation as the mode of expression of a new consciousness. between students of African heritage (i.e. It is of particular interest, fifty and more years since Molly Mahood’s inaugural lecture, to evoke the Nigerian case, which has been in many ways emblematic of the cultural transitions that accompanied the political process on the African continent in the second half of the twentieth century, for similar developments were taking place in other parts of colonial Africa, with varying degrees of achievement and interest. The political and ideological background to the emergence of modern African literature – pan-Africanism and African nationalism – has thus determined the recourse to the term now in common usage, which the present work has not only adopted but seeks to endorse in its reference to the entire field of imaginative expression in Africa. 4 0 obj
This is not the same as that larger aspect of Caribbean literature which centers on the Black man and the color question. African-language literatures came to be regarded as a distinct province of the general landscape of imaginative life and literary activity on the African continent (Jahn 1961 and 1966; Gérard 1971 and 1981). For instance, the crisis of identity in Caribbean region "lie[s] in the contested and interrelated process of colonization, slavery, and migration. The remarks above serve to indicate the direction of the present work. Although questions of value have not been be excluded (they are already implicit in the choice of authors and texts), contributors have had to bear in mind that the emphasis of the publication has had to be a factual account of the development of each aspect of the corpus, rather than on evaluative discussion of texts and works or critical appraisal of writers, a function we leave to the judgment of scholar critics and ultimately to history. Although unified by reference to a common experience (slavery and its colonial sequel), literature in the Caribbean exhibits some of the diversity remarked upon in the case of Africa, not least as regards the literary traditions associated with the three languages of expression in the region: English, French, and Spanish. Contemporary West Indian literature in English can be considered as one of the focal areas of literary modernism (Gikandi 1992). <>/ExtGState<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>>
Writing in Limbo: Modernism and Caribbean Literature. Conversely, there is a growing recognition of the impact of African and African-derived forms of expression on European modernism. 1967. The early forms of expression by blacks in the New World, either in the oral mode (the folktales, songs, and chants, as well as the textual content of ritual practices) or in the literate mode (as exemplified notably by the slave narratives) not only reflect an African response to the novel historical circumstances of Atlantic slavery; they also bear the stamp of a distinctive African sensibility. We have endeavored in the present work to provide an account of the entire body of productions that can be considered to comprise this broad field as defined both by imaginative expression in African itself, and aspects of the continuum as represented by literature in the Caribbean and to some extent in North America. Literature in English from the former British West Indies may be referred to as Anglo-Caribbean or, in historical contexts, as West Indian literature.Most of these territories have become independent nations since the 1960s, though some retain colonial ties to the United Kingdom. “Defining African Literature.” African Literature Today 1.1. Emancipation of slaves of Southern Africa (1833), which becomes a major grievance of the Dutch, and one of the causes of “the Great Trek” (1836), which is the migration north by the Dutch who were till now confined to the Western Cape. Although Cyprian Ekwensi and Amos Tutuola were already published writers by the time she delivered her lecture, the significance of their work as harbingers of a new literary culture was to be heightened by the appearance in 1958 of Chinua Achebe’s novel, Things Fall Apart, a work that has since established itself as one of the master texts of modern African literature. The emergence in the years after the Second World War of the African writer as a cultural icon also helped to direct attention to other areas of African imaginative life, in particular that represented by the oral tradition, obscured by the emphasis upon literacy as the mark of modernity.