Several natural enemies of field
frequent intervals results in a gradual and continuous reduction in the
Field bindweed plants were still present in an abandoned farm field 30 years after it was
(see Discussion and Qualification of Fire Effect). Native perennial bunchgrass seeds were no-till drilled in late fall, and seedlings emerged in February and March. management regimes imposed at a particular site. herbicide may allow for field bindweed suppression while reducing potential herbicide injury
long and 0.9 to 1.4 inches (2.2-3.5 cm) broad. depending on climate and soil type. water at temperatures ranging from 126 to 212 �F
takes about 3 to 5 years [13]. and their observations suggest that field bindweed seeds mature about 25 days after
Root fragments from previously disturbed plants are less
migration of field bindweed may have been hastened by the building of railroads; however,
A review by Rolston [111] indicates that seed longevity is often,
There is no information available regarding field bindweed response to fire.
seeds after burial in horse and cow manure over a period of 1 to 4 months. 18 �F (-8 �C)
Rolston describes in detail
in several western states since 1970, but have decreased in importance in most Great Plains states [18]. Fall dormant broadcast seeding into ash will cover and retain seeds. Michigan had roots that appeared to be severely injured or dead in the uppermost
the year. major role in field bindweed seed degradation. bindweed outcompetes native grasses [86,109]. develop from root fragments [16,17,75,117]. interaction between corn and field bindweed in Iowa,
germination period, was 9.3%; and with acid scarification, after a 4-week
include removing established plants and preventing seed production and seedling
species observed in the laboratory that were not infected with native arbuscular
places such as campgrounds and horse corrals [19]. Similarly, Swan
Caution must be
enormously in their efficacy. and Givnish [84] recommend prescribed burning (with specific guidelines) in
production is strongly stimulated, directly producing great numbers of
Impermeable seeds of field bindweed retained a
may be underestimated. the roots reaches a maximum in August or September and thereafter rapidly
It is by
infestations. The palatability of field bindweed for wildlife species in Montana and
battling individual invaders [87]. ), and
established). domestic sheep (short duration) in the summer, but unburned. According to a review by Lyons [86], repeated use of the same or similar herbicides can result in
plan includes efforts to place continual stress on undesirable
Chemical:
growth (Gigax 1978, as cited by [144]). field bindweed seedlings can be killed by
Recommendations of intensive, repeated cultivation for control of field
and least in late summer [130]. for 8 days before photosynthesis started to replenish the root. they are let into the field. generally does poorly if not irrigated. reproduction and makes field bindweed plants persistent [74]
Field bindweed was among many plants that emerged from soil samples taken from a
for more information on specific chemicals, their efficacy, and recommendations for use in controlling field bindweed.
Avoid management activities that encourage invasion and be prepared to
region of the Northern Great Plains [61]. Seeds of field bindweed that have been scarified will
The flowers are trumpet-shaped, 1–2.5 cm diameter, white or pale pink, with five slightly darker pink radial stripes. rate (14%) in a laboratory test. This plant is a viny plant spreading by rhizomes and seed and has an extremely deep and extensive root system. Black plastic, landscape fabric or cardboard covered with a layer of mulch will prevent light from reaching the bindweed. In general, herbicides should be applied when they will be most effectively
parent plant. Seedlings grown in the greenhouse were regenerated from the root when
below the 24 inch (60 cm) zone. commitment and continuing diligence than on the efficacy of specific tools
seeds produced by field bindweed plants varies from 5% to 25%, of impermeable seeds from 60% to 80%,
In particular,
plant are reported, and estimates of number of seeds produced per unit area in a
1995 Oct;37(5):452-4. [7] New plants can also form from root runners[6] and root fragments.[5]. depths. when plants are drought stressed [33]. months[9] = "October";
25 April to 26 September, germinated and produced seedlings at each planting. These results suggest that field bindweed seed may survive low severity fire. TAXONOMY:
U.S. as contaminant in farm and garden seeds. Field bindweed taproots may be 2 to 10 feet (0.5-3 m) or more long. �F (66 �C) and 150
far also eat native morning-glories in California, some of which are rare or not
field
regeneration is primarily from fragments of vertical roots and rhizomes (more so than
or develop into shoots or roots. Cultural:
locally [144]. in 1994 and 1995, found that field bindweed occurs at "serious" densities (> 1,000 acres/county) in 957
metabolic activity. Field bindweed is self-incompatible [98] and thus an
negatively affect the mites [21]. exhaustive. Alcock and others (1974, as cited by [86]) suggest the following as general goals
months[3] = "April";
Find further fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
Mulches are effective for controlling field bindweed if no light reaches the
being grown [122]. Individual flowers may fail to
mycorrhizal fungi [76]. Invaders,
In Quebec, field bindweed is found primarily on sandy
2004. cultivations were equally effective when made every time the 1st shoots of
A long-term perspective is important where total eradication is not a
concentration of total available carbohydrates and a decrease in root quantity. All shoot development was
Fire provides a suitable seedbed
�F (5-40 �C)) with maximum and most rapid
At the Thousand Springs Preserve, Idaho, field bindweed thrives under
seedling emergence and adult plant establishment under different cropping
var month = date.getMonth();
A review by Weaver and Riley [144] indicates the leaves of field
produce abundant, long-lived seed. Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed) is a weaker-stemmed plant, with smaller white or pink trumpet … [6] New plants may sprout from seeds that are up to 20 years old. Several authors describe variations in botanical characteristics of field
increase in germination was accompanied by morphological changes in the seed
Viny perennial with an extensive system of deep creeping roots and rhizomes. If planning to grow Convolvulus plants outside from seed then they should be planted at a depth of 3 mm (1/8th inch). than 3 inches in length were weak or failed to grow, and fragments obtained from
morphology, floral characteristics, flowering capacity, phenology, vegetative
field bindweed because it grows rapidly during the early spring when
above- and belowground parts and the more reduction of available root
in late summer, if the vines are actively growing, may also be effective [86,144]. When planning on
Germination of impermeable seeds can be
Canada: Field bindweed is a dominant species in some disturbed riverbank areas in the Montr�al
host-specificity. At the Phantom
General information. The only response
inches (8 cm) below soil surface "for the whole season" (15-27 cultivations,
Root buds
The response of field bindweed to native
Even under cultivation, field bindweed seedlings may continue to emerge for
It is important to kill any field bindweed plants that are found,
large enough to regenerate stems if it is cut [13]. than all other weed seeds tested. There is no information on fire regimes in areas where field bindweed is native or on the effects of fire regimes on
Competition from field bindweed for soil moisture may have
desirable vegetation cover is less than about 30% [51]. The shoots are killed back to the roots by freezing temperatures, but hardened
It is reported to cause distress in domestic
In northern California and the Great
In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. authors suggest in their review that annual burning increases the dominance
SYNONYMS:
for field bindweed control:
Similarly, on a site in western
Annual weeds were controlled by
using herbicides to control field bindweed, it is useful to know whether field
and after both dry storage and storage in water (up to 22 months) [23]. The root system is characterized by a taproot with large numbers of
set seed or to mature seed that has been set, and capsules that appear normal
It is a good idea to survey the
and cheatgrass was suppressed using glyphosate. It is a climbing or creeping herbaceous perennial plant growing to 0.5–2 m high. funded as 10- to 20-year biological projects rather than 1-2 year engineering
Elevation ranges are given by area as follows: It is unclear how long field bindweed plants may persist in native plant communities. Whenever the taproot has
Lateral roots are found primarily in the top
Vet Hum Toxicol. Flowering occurs in the mid-summer, when white to pale pink, funnel-shaped flowers develop. indicated by Nature Conservancy managers as encouraging field bindweed invasion
However, because of its flowers and climbing nature, some seeds were probably planted as ornamentals, as a ground cover, in hanging baskets, or on trellises. of 3 experiments. pile of compost. Factors
Several Convolvulus species are widespread or conspicuous. Fruit is a capsule, 5-10 mm long, bearing 1 to 4
At Garden Creek Preserve in northern Idaho, managers report that
moistened and germinated at 84 �F (29
The native grasses were irrigated
Seed production by field bindweed is variable and dependent upon environmental conditions. Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) is one of the major problematic weed species in Michigan Christmas tree production.It can be extremely difficult to manage because this weed species can bind and grow on tree branches, and herbicide applications may not be possible due to potential injury to Christmas trees. Physical/mechanical:
fasciculatum). Field bindweed is a persistent, perennial vine of the morning-glory family (Convolvulaceae) which spreads by rhizome and seed. Field bindweed seeds retained viability longer
Germination:
homesteads with pinyon (Pinus spp. Field bindweed flowers persist only 1 day and are insect pollinated [144]. long-term, ecosystem-wide strategy rather than a tactical approach focused on
Fruit are light brown, rounded and 0.125 inches (3.2 mm) wide. The seeds are especially toxic. field bindweed seed would survive low- to moderate-severity fires; however, more information is needed. Field bindweed showed a linear response to PPF levels. (ungrazed/unburned, spring grazed/unburned, and all burning treatments) had no
No special status
Only a small quantity of
Black plastic is recommended. contain quick-establishing grasses and forbs (exclude forbs if broadleaf
field bindweed) were minor
[87]. Sripleng and Smith [120] provide a
Flowers. although this has only been studied with crop plants, where yield reductions
Sudan grass, or alfalfa [66,86]. Convolvulus arvensis (Field Bindweed) is a species of bindweed, native to Europe and Asia.It is a climbing or creeping herbaceous perennial plant growing to 0.5–2 m high. land of field bindweed may require 30 years or more of persistent attention to a rigid
Stems usually trail along the ground or climb foliage and other structures. small patches adjacent to burned areas to prevent or limit seed dispersal into
In a greenhouse study on the combined effects of
intervals was just as effective as hoeing every 7 or 10 days. bindweed include 2,4-D (alone and in combination), glyphosate, dicamba, picloram, quinclorac, and
Res J Pharmacol. By the end of the 1st quarter of the 20th
These habitats support populations of endangered hairy Orcutt
regimes at a particular site. There is little
of tallgrass prairie by removing standing and fallen litter. [144]). Since fire
bindweed may be invasive, especially following disturbance. In general, the
underground they gave rise to rhizomes. survival of desirable vegetation. The
The leaves are spirally arranged, linear to arrowhead-shaped, 2–5 cm long and alternate, with a 1–3 cm petiole. Flowers last for only one day,
var day = date.getDate();
location can be recorded and the surrounding area surveyed to determine the size
harvested seeds (Weaver, unpublished data cited in [144]). Flowers are usually solitary; bracts 3mm long; sepals elliptic-circular or oblong with petalsthat are white or pink or white-tinged pink, 2cm in length. petals, attracted various pollinators including Halictid bees, honeybees, bumblebees,
In general, postfire revegetation should be considered when
reported whether adult field bindweed plants were present on the site [63]. In Nevada, field bindweed occurs on disturbed, moist soil of cultivated fields, near springs, roadsides, and
12 inches (30 cm)) are rapidly depleted by cultivation, but in deep roots (6 to 8 feet
Field bindweed grows most successfully only where there are irrigation leaks and
See the
establish new crowns [47,74]. It was being investigated as a
degree of phenotypic variation observed in this species. The
A review by Holm and others [66] suggests
California field plots
to desirable plants and maintaining mite populations. Convolvulus arvensis - A useful weed. reserves is necessary to regenerate new growth [10]. grazing are necessary, integral ecosystem processes that maintain productivity
seeds per capsule varies from 1 to 4 with an average of 2; however, 10
It has slender, trailing to
FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS:
Timmons also observed
Nonnative plants
field bindweed plants lose their prostrate habit and become twining plants. The extensive roots can measure 6.6m long and penetrate deeply into the soil.
Strong sunlight and moderate-to-low moisture
persist as seed for several years, and some authors suggest that 3 to 5 growing
nearest shoot was 18 inches (46 cm) from the parent plant and the furthest 52 inches
Field bindweed reproduces vegetatively by means of endogenous root buds that develop
reproduction potential, and accumulation of shoot and root biomass were found
coats. Field bindweed intertwines and topples native species. (1.9-2.5 cm) across and are subtended by small bracts. and adaptability of a field bindweed population as environmental conditions and
Some data are as follows: Seed banking:
bindweed's creeping roots are often inconspicuous. and biomass, mite feeding alone reduced field bindweed shoot biomass 37% to 48% and root biomass 46%
The competitive ability of field bindweed is due largely to its extensive root system. for many years, with estimates ranging from 20 to 50 years [14,78,86,144]. especially during cultivation, by passage through the digestive tract of
Sacramento County, and in large pools in Tehama County. and disseminate root fragments [78]. The
plant species identified in a tallgrass prairie study in Kansas, where
Invasive Plants of Asia Origin Established in the US and their Natural Enemies p. 58–59, WSSA-1,000 Weeds of North America: An Identification Guide, This page was last edited on 28 August 2020, at 20:41. When a field bindweed infestation is found, the
field bindweed were not affected by changes in the amount of oxygen [22]. topsoil in roadside ditches. There are two varieties: Other common names, mostly obsolete, include lesser bindweed, European bindweed, withy wind (in basket willow crops), perennial morning glory, small-flowered morning glory, creeping jenny, and possession vine. Element Stewardship Abstract
Kennedy and Crafts [74] provide a detailed description
herbicide alone. the Himalayas at altitudes of 10,000 feet (3,000 m) ([95] and references therein). germinate over a wide range of temperatures (41 to 104
Convolvulus arvensis Plant Family Convolvulaceae (Morning-glory family) Habitat Disturbed soils of roadsides, cultivated fields and pastures. See Fire Management Considerations. growth [66]. native plant communities by "decreasing biodiversity," and is a direct
bindweed vary greatly in size and shape with environmental factors such as light intensity,
pubescent and leaves are variable, 0.4 to 4 inches (1-10 cm) long and 0.1 to 2.4
By 120 weeks after emergence, practically all the vertical roots observed
Field bindweed, Convolvulus arvensis, is a native of Eurasia that first was documented in California in 1884 in San Diego. are often used to control invasive species such as field bindweed. Percent germination of field bindweed seed before
ground. soils in warm, dry areas (Rousseau 1968 as cited by [144]). temperature in the horse and cow manure reached 158
months[4] = "May";
in eastern Montana and incubated to determine seed bank composition. Permeability in field
(see Seedling establishment/growth for more detail). likely to grow than are those from undisturbed plants [117]. Planta Daninha 31 : 39 – 51 Taylor , JP , Smith , LM ( 2005 ) Migratory bird use of belowground foods in moist-soil managed wetlands in the middle Rio Grande Valley, NM . continued to arrive whenever immigrants settled new areas or whenever crop seed
California: Field bindweed establishes locally in vernal pools in
bindweed seeds were prechilled in the dark at 41�F (5
A survey of weed specialists and herbaria in the continental U.S., conducted
State Park, field bindweed is occasional in disturbed
(< 250 acres/county) in 573 counties, in 47 of the 48 contiguous states. decreasing PPF. Wisconsin prairie remnants to maintain native plant diversity. field bindweed resumes active growth [66]. Literature reviews and observations over 3 years in Iowa [22] indicate that seed set
continued cultivation at the emergence of new sprouts. �F (60 �C) for 30
(52-100 �C), soaking in ethyl alcohol, and
associated with both annually burned and unburned grazing treatments. field, field bindweed's seed coat may be broken down or punctured by mechanical abrasion,
the soil surface often develop rhizomes several feet
several years may produce a thousand or more slender rhizomes from the severed
Within 2 months after drill seeding native
competitive plants. potential biological control agent in 1979 (Selleck 1979, as cited by [144]);
Many impermeable seeds survive ingestion, allowing dispersal by animals and
(herbicide, disk-harrow, furrow), medusahead reduction was
1) reduce seed in soil 2) prevent seedling growth, 3) deplete food reserves in
serpentine
research has shown that these particular biotypes may be resistant to other
roots
bindweed infestation after 3 to 5 years, particularly when combined with the
Int J Pharmacy Pharm Sci. and readily available carbohydrates in field bindweed roots cultivated at 3-week intervals
be combined with other dormancy mechanisms [22,111]. The Parthenocissus is a commonly grown garden plant and the Convolvulus is a … 120 �F (49 �C) in compost; it required 7 days of
vigorously and provide early shade offer competition to field bindweed at a time when it is normally making its best
western Nevada [42]. Goodwin and others [51] present the following generalization about
in field bindweed is favored in seasons of high temperature and low rainfall, especially on
regions of all provinces in Canada (except Newfoundland and Prince Edward
considerable degree of viability and impermeability for 4 years after burial at 6 and 18 inches
A gradient was observed with a high abundance of
Field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) Seedling. bird vetch (Vicia cracca) [97]. abundant [13]. There are two different plants in these photographs – the twining plant with arrow shaped leaves and white flowers is probably Convolvulus arvensis. Field bindweed comprised 1.7 percent of mule deer diets during the spring-summer-fall
between 21% and 53% are favorable for field bindweed seed germination. After a high-severity burn on a site in this
All other plots
and suggested that the seed had survived in the seed bank for those 20 years. include cultivation and irrigation in Idaho grassland and road grading and
establishment and spread of invasive species in temperate grasslands. Managers at
herbicides are anticipated) that can effectively occupy available niches.
projects, with biologists and resource managers consulting on road construction. Plants typically inhabit roadsides, grasslands and also along streams. is insufficient ash, seedbed preparation may be necessary. stems, 8 to 79 inches (20-200 cm) long, sometimes forming tangled mats. The current North American distribution of field bindweed extends from the agricultural
long-term annually burned sites had low cover and few, if any, nonnative
nonnative, invasive species over the long term. field bindweed in areas where it is invasive. See
and imposed fire regimes probably varies among geographic locations, plant
of 11 to 20 inches (280-500 mm)) may be more resistant to weed control efforts
[86,109]. 1 Other common names include creeping Jenny and possession vine.
coat, as observed with scanning electron microscopy [69]. Discussion and Qualification of Fire Effect, DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF FIRE EFFECT, DISCUSSION AND QUALIFICATION OF PLANT RESPONSE. low- and medium-severity burns. Roots severed at various depths below
Description Bindweed is an extremely persistent, invasive, perennial, noxious weed. by planting of competitive species following aboveground removal and continuously monitoring for
The ability to
maintaining healthy natural communities and by conducting aggressive monitoring
[137] for specific guidelines and recommendations for preventing the spread of weed
herbicide application alone may also be effective
available, as the spatial limit of an individual plant is often difficult to