Laws (1984), Smith (1990), Hempel (1994), and Knox (2006). This new knowledge is key for improving conservation and management strategies of Antarctic marine living resources. A general trend emerges that warmer temperatures boost terrestrial ecosystem productivity. This may have feedbacks to climate, as Phaeocystis is a source of dimethyl sulfide, modifying cloud properties and cooling air temperatures. If you have an experience or insight to share or have learned something from a conference or seminar, your peers and colleagues on Energy Central want to hear about it. Further, it has become increasingly clear that terrestrial and limnetic habitats support taxa that have survived multiple glacial cycles over millions of years. This complexity is evident even for only a small number of studied species, in terms of Critical Thermal Maximum as a measure for thermal tolerance (Beers & Sidell, 2011), in terms of cellular transcriptional response to warm acclimation (Huth & Place, 2016), or to acute heat stress (Bilyk, Vargas‐Chacoff & Cheng, 2018). In addition, sea ice cover duration and thickness as well as snow cover, all related to climate change, were important large‐scale variables in explaining the diversity and functional traits of coastal benthic communities in this area (Cummings et al., 2018). Principally this classification depends not only on the quality/quantity of the evidence and agreement between conclusions, but also on the wording of the message. For Antarctic vegetation, thermal resilience is complex. Lundesgaard et al., 2020). transitional water ecosystems using the five biological quality elements. Nevertheless, despite the Southern Ocean being considered “a prolific resource of bioactive chemicals” (Núñez‐Pons & Avila, 2015, p. 1127), market‐ready products are still rare. In laboratory experiments, demosponge species exhibited extreme phenotypic plasticity in metabolic physiology, with differences in metabolism among species being greater than seasonal changes (Morley et al., 2016), a finding that contributes considerably to our understanding of high benthic dynamism. Some of the important abiotic environmental factors of aquatic ecosystems include substrate type, water depth, nutrient levels, temperature, salinity, and flow. Laboratory studies demonstrated the potential for Antarctic krill to ingest microplastic particles (Dawson et al., 2018), our knowledge on in situ accumulation of microplastics in tissues of Antarctic organisms is extremely poor. Cummings et al., 2018). IPBES Secretariat, Bonn, Labile organic carbon dynamics in continental shelf sediments after the recent collapse of the Larsen ice shelves off the eastern Antarctic peninsula: A radiochemical approach, Toxic anthropogenic signature in Antarctic continental shelf and deep sea sediments, Integrated assessment of the spatial distribution and structural dynamics of deep benthic marine communities, The Paris agreement objectives will likely halt future declines of emperor penguins, Effects of climate change on an emperor penguin population: analysis of coupled demographic and climate models, The zooplankton food web under East Antarctic pack ice–a stable isotope study. On our planet there is a great variability of ecosystems that are classified in aquatic, terrestrial and mixed or transitional ecosystems. In McMurdo Sound (Ross Sea), the glass sponges Anoxycalyx joubini and Rossella nuda showed virtually no growth over a 10‐year observation interval (Dayton et al., 2013, 2016). Learn more. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. A few questions remain, however, among which include: 1. Planktonic production is expected to increase anthropogenic CO2 uptake with ongoing climate change due to a decreasing buffering capacity of the ocean (Hauck & Völker, 2015). The Antarctic is an environmental sink for anthropogenic bio‐accumulative POPs and heavy metals, reaching atmospheric, marine (from sea surface to the deep sea) and terrestrial environments (Isla, Pérez‐Albaladejo & Porte, 2018). Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii) are seemingly less affected by short‐term icescape perturbations, but more frequent disruptions, such as iceberg events causing large sea ice extent, may result in long‐term negative population effects (Chambert, Rotella & Garrott, 2012). Write the name of the zone in each box in the figure below. Some albatrosses and petrels shifted southwards from the 1990s to 2000s, but white‐chinned petrels (Porcellaria aequinoctialis) occurred further north (Péron et al., 2010). The industry has to diversify into alternative energy, just to remain relevant. These findings need to be considered in biosecurity strategies. Between 1991 and 2002, with increasing temperature, four out of six monitored lichen species increased their growth rates by 124% (Sancho, Pintado & Green, 2019). The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties. Responses of primary producers (including growth and photosynthesis) to simulated OA vary among species and with duration of exposure, ranging from positive to negative. Ocean iron fertilization and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean, Rapid change in East Antarctic terrestrial vegetation in response to regional drying, Antarctic futures: an assessment of climate‐driven changes in ecosystem structure, function, and service provisioning in the Southern Ocean, Two recent massive breeding failures in an Adélie penguin colony call for the creation of a marine protected area in D'Urville Sea/Mertz, Longterm iceshelf‐covered meiobenthic communities of the Antarctic continental shelf resemble those of the deep sea, Winter and spring controls on the summer food web of the coastal West Antarctic peninsula, Climate change and glacier retreat drive shifts in an Antarctic benthic ecosystem, Carbonate counter pump stimulated by natural iron fertilization in the polar frontal zone, Antarctic studies show lichens to be excellent biomonitors of climate change, Benthic macrofauna assemblages and biochemical properties of sediments in two Antarctic regions differently affected by climate change. • Local capacity builders act as catalysers by speeding up ecosystem growth locally. reported rarely in previous studies showed an intense and persistent bloom from which herbivorous and filter‐feeding consumers benefited (Ha et al., 2019). To document the progress of knowledge in the past decade values are also provided for period 1970–2020 in Appendix S2. We have to transition the current model into a natural model. Appendix S1. Notably, offshore renewable energy is now on a deflationary cost curve, achieved through a combination of economies of scale and standardisation of design and installation. Welch priorities signed into law as part of omnibus government funding bill. The systematic search for bioactive metabolites (bioprospecting) in the Antarctic focusses on marine benthic invertebrates, krill species, fishes, microorganisms, fungi and plants. Do you see these companies really trying to use their institutional knowledge and built up electricity, clean energy wings that can be just as big as their fossil fuel operations? It's also easy to share a link to an article you've liked or an industry resource that you think would be helpful. ‘Ecosystem Essential Ocean Variables’ represent a complex combination of biological traits and ecologically relevant physico‐chemical variables related to biological functional groups (Constable et al., 2016). Fewer juveniles reached maturity, and reduced reproductive success ultimately had the potential to impact population size (Knox et al., 2016; T.E. Have the Elfs and Shells and BPs of the world differentiated themselves from Exxon? Newly identified mechanisms for colonisation include rafting on kelp or passive transport in surface waters, as eddies and storms move southwards across the Polar Front (Fraser et al., 2018). Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University at Newcastle, Northumberland Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST U.K. Centre d'Etudes Biologique de Chizé, UMR 7372 du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ‐ La Rochelle Université, Villiers‐en‐Bois, 79360 France. The occurrence of invasive species has been most evident at sites with high human visitation frequency. Krill habitat quality is projected to continue to shift southwards and impact phenology due to warming and changes in phytoplankton biomass (Veytia et al., 2020), subsequently impacting the foraging habitats of their predators, such as crabeater seals (Hückstädt et al., 2020). Some of the findings reflect questions raised by the 1st Scientific Antarctic Committee on Antarctic Research Antarctic and Southern Ocean Science Horizon Scan, the implementation of which has recently been assessed (Kennicutt et al., 2019). Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username. Notable research into Antarctic life sciences during the past century includes the demonstration of how life, particularly fishes, evolved and adapted physiologically to the ice‐cold environment (di Prisco, Maresca & Tota, 1991). I was delighted to write this article where I explore what an Energy Transition Ecosystem could look like, what is currently happening in the market and how this could benefit mature oil and gas basins like the UKCS...I would be delighted to get comments, thoughts and feedback from the energy central community.RegardsJohn Creating an energy transition ecosystem If it reaches >4 km per decade (Yang et al., 2020), it will have a crucial impact on the entire pelagic system (Cheung et al., 2009), with cascading effects on higher tropic levels (see also Section III.5a) due to shifts in the steep gradient in sea‐surface temperature. Cascading effects ultimately can impact processes at all ecosystem levels, determining the stability and resilience of Antarctic biotas and their interactions both on land and in the ocean. and Oswaldella antarctica, are further examples of pioneer species. Studies on top predators, such as skua species and wandering albatross, showed that increasing POPs and trace metals contributed to a decrease in long‐term reproductive performance, but did not affect survival rate or long‐term breeding success in south polar skuas (Catharacta maccormicki; Goutte et al., 2018). Reliability Compliance SpecialistCity Utilities of SpringfieldSpringfield, Missouri, Principal Power System OperatorCity of BurbankBurbank, California, Chief Operating OfficerNorth Carolina's Electric CooperativesRaleigh, North Carolina, 1st Class Electric LinemanBorough of EphrataEphrata, Pennsylvania, Electric & Gas Utility Journey Relay TechnicianCity of TallahasseeTallahassee, Florida, Asset ManagerIndeck Energy Services, Inc.Buffalo Grove, Illinois, A simple way to "rank" your company's power bill cost in $/MWh. An ecosystem in transition While traditional financial institutions continue to innovate for their customers, the industry sees partnership and collaboration between all players as the way forward. Or are they doing enough to look like they're moving with the tides while doing what they can just as much to ensure their oil and gas reserves remain relevant and needed in future decades? Resulting expansions of stream volume and wetted soil area, and lake level rise in the endorheic lakes common in much of Antarctica, will enhance habitat area and/or quality. Transitional aquatic ecosystems can be … Such changes can cause drastic shifts in terrestrial populations because locally adapted species may have evolved life‐history trade‐offs that result in decreased resilience. A first Environmental Risk Assessment for soil biotas on King George Island showed different responses, from neutral to negative, for bacteria, cladocerans, microalgae, and macrophytes to contamination of toxic trace elements (Pereira et al., 2017). Appendix S3. Small, poikilothermic animals with limited mobility – such as Scottnema lindsayae, the dominant nematode in Taylor Valley, Dry Valleys, East Antarctica – experienced population shifts with an increased frequency of soil freeze–thaw cycles between 1999 and 2001. What is a transitional community in ecology? ecosystem restoration delivers at large scale, delivering first visible results and examples on land and at sea by 2024, with benefits increasing in the long-term” “Transformational change supporting a just transition based on investing in nature together with vulnerable regions and communities … Scheme showing how the confidence of the scientific sub‐messages was assessed following the IPCC AR5 and IPBES methodology (Mach et al., 2017; IPBES, 2019). These shifts are most likely caused by changes in food availability driven by ice shelf disintegration, current patterns, unpredictable sea ice dynamics (Cape et al., 2014) and prey–predator interactions. Seasonal transcriptomes of the Antarctic pteropod, Global reductions in seafloor biomass in response to climate change, Microsatellite analyses of the Antarctic endemic lichen, Strong in combination: Polyphasic approach enhances arguments for cold‐assigned cyanobacterial endemism, Climate change impacts on southern Ross Sea phytoplankton composition, productivity, and export, Risk maps for Antarctic krill under projected Southern Ocean acidification, Southern Ocean biological impacts on global ocean oxygen, Microplastic contamination in East Antarctic Sea ice, Sustained Antarctic research: a 21th century imperative, Antarctic blackfin icefish genome reveals adaptations to extreme environments, A decadal (2002–2014) analysis for dynamics of heterotrophic bacteria in an Antarctic coastal ecosystem: variability and physical and biogeochemical forcings, Interdecadal variability of phytoplankton biomass along the coastal West Antarctic peninsula, Epifauna community response to iceberg‐mediated environmental change in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, Impact of diurnal freeze–thaw cycles on the soil nematode, Freshwater diatom biogeography and the genus, Dependency of Antarctic zooplankton species on ice algae‐produced carbon suggests a sea ice‐driven pelagic ecosystem during winter, Projected distributions of Southern Ocean albatrosses, petrels and fisheries as a consequence of climatic change, Offshore surface waters of Antarctica are free of microplastics, as revealed by a circum‐Antarctic study, Spatial distribution and habitat preferences of demersal fish assemblages in the southeastern Weddell Sea (Southern Ocean), Climate change, glacier retreat and a new ice‐free Island offer new insights on Antarctic benthic responses, Iron partitioning during LOHAFEX: copepod grazing as a major driver for iron recycling in the Southern Ocean, Comparative metagenomic analysis reveals mechanisms for stress response in hypoliths from extreme hyperarid deserts, Reproductive performance and diving behaviour share a common sea‐ice concentration optimum in Adélie penguins (, Biotic interactions are an unexpected yet critical control on the complexity of an abiotically driven polar ecosystem, Climate change drives expansion of Antarctic ice‐free habitats, Two Antarctic penguin genomes reveal insights into their evolutionary history and molecular changes related to the Antarctic environment, Fauna of the Kemp caldera and its upper bathyal hydrothermal vents (South Sandwich arc, Antarctica), Altered Sea ice thickness and permanence affects benthic ecosystem functioning in coastal Antarctica, Hydrography and energetics of a cold fjord: Andvord Bay, western Antarctic peninsula, Seasonal succession of free‐living bacterial communities in coastal waters of the Western Antarctic peninsula, Unleashing expert judgments in assessment, Arctic and Antarctic Sea ice change: contrasts, commonalities, and causes, Effect of elevated temperature on membrane lipid saturation in Antarctic notothenioid fish, Shelled pteropods in peril: assessing vulnerability in a high CO, Slow recovery of previously depleted demersal fish at the South Shetland Islands, 1983‐2010, Antarctica: the final frontier for marine biological invasions, Metabolic rate, genetic and microclimate variation among springtail populations from sub‐Antarctic Marion Island, The role of ocean dynamics in king penguin range extention, New insights on the dominance of cryptophytes in Antarctic coastal waters: A case study in Gerlache Strait, IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, The winter pack‐ice zone provides a sheltered but food‐poor habitat for larval Antarctic krill, Subglacial Lake Whillans microbial biogeochemistry: a synthesis of current knowledge, Biology and ecology of the Antarctic krill (, Recent changes in phytoplankton communities associated with rapid regional climate change along the western Antarctic peninsula, The impacts of climate change on Antarctic nearshore mega‐epifaunalbenthic assemblages in a glacial fjord on King George Island: responses and implications, Sustaining climate warming drives declining marine biological productivity, Climate change enhances primary production in the Western Antarctic peninsula, Extreme phenotypic plasticity in metabolic physiology of Antarctic demosponges, 1–4: global drivers on Southern Ocean ecosystems: changing physical environments and anthropogenic pressures in an earth system, Predicting which species succeed in climate‐forced polar seas, Microplastics in the sediments of Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea, Antarctica), Sudden emergence of a shallow aragonite saturation horizon in the Southern Ocean, Ecosystem service supply in the Antarctic peninsula region: evaluating an expert‐based assessment approach and a novel seascape data model, A decade of invertebrate colonization pressure on Scott Base in the Ross Sea region, Biogeochemistry of a low‐activity cold seep in the Larsen B area, western Weddell Sea, Antarctica, Super‐aggregations of krill and humpback whales in Wilhelmina Bay, Antarctic peninsula, Natural products mediating ecological interactions in Antarctic benthic communities: a mini‐review of the known molecules, Aspects of krill growth and condition during late winter‐early spring off East Antarctica (110–130 E), Responses of Antarctic marine and freshwater ecosystems to changing ice conditions, Prediction of ice‐free conditions for a perennially ice‐covered Antarctic lake, Decomposing the variance in southern elephant seal weaning mass: partitioning environmental signals and maternal effects, Distribution patterns in the biomass of macrozoobenthic communities in Admiralty Bay (King George Island, south Shetlands, Antarctic), Effect of extreme sea surface temperature events on the demography of an age‐structured albatross population, Assemblages of micronektonic fishes and invertebrates in a gradient of regional warming along the Western Antarctic peninsula, Organisms and responses to environmental change, Antarctic marine biodiversity: adaptations, environments and responses to change, Negative feedback in the cold: ice retreat produces new carbon sinks in Antarctica, Acclimation and thermal tolerance in Antarctic marine ectotherms, Environmental hazard assessment of contaminated soils in Antarctica: using a structured tier 1 approach to inform decision‐making, Interdecadal changes in at‐sea distribution and abundance of subantarctic seabirds along a latitudinal gradient in the southern Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean phytoplankton physiology in a changing climate, Albatrosses and petrels at South Georgia as sentinels of marine debris input from vessels in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean, Benthic fauna declined on a whitening Antarctic continental cheld, Krill vs salps: dominance shifts from krill to salps is associated with higher dissolved N:P ratios, Impacts of climate variability and change on (marine) animals: physiological underpinnings and evolutionary consequences, Community structure and benthic habitats across the George V shelf, East Antarctica: trends through space and time, Physical controls on deep water coral communities on the George V land slope, East Antarctica, Microbial sulfur transformations in sediments from subglacial Lake Whillans, Response of nematode communities after large‐scale ice‐shelf collapse events in the Antarctic Larsen area, Sea ice extent, concentration, and seasonality, How deep is deep enough? This literature survey demonstrated the substantial progress in research around our 10 key messages on Antarctic ecosystems under stress and how important most themes behind these messages are. research stations, ships) and novel instrumentation (e.g. All the organisms in a given area as well as the abiotic factors with which they interact; a community and its physical environment. In the northern off‐shore WAP region, years of low winter sea ice and a relatively deep mixed layer observed between 1995 and 2006 correlated with lower phytoplankton biomass and a shift towards small size‐dominated microbial plankton (Montes‐Hugo et al., 2009). The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)envisions a smart city as one … Transition in the species composition of a biological community, often following ecological disturbance of the community; the establishment of a biological community in an area virtually barren of life. The role of viruses in microbial processes and ecosystem functions remain understudied in the Southern Ocean, although this information is critical to predicting future changes in microbial dynamics. State and transition succession models are one way of describing the various states and associated ecosystem services that a particular site can achieve, the forces that can transition a site between states, and the role that management plays in the process. • French energy communities’ ecosystem is less mature and diverse that the Dutch one. Since 2010, the use of cameras has revealed important ecological and ethological attributes of Antarctic fishes, especially in terms of reproductive strategies. Can Antarctic lichens acclimatize to changes in temperature? In short‐term thermal acclimation, homeoviscous (i.e. From 1993 to 2013, the abundance of non‐ice‐dependent krill Thysanoessa macrura increased in coastal and shelf waters of the northern WAP region, while the abundance of sea ice‐dependent crystal krill Euphausia crystallorophias increased in the south (Steinberg et al., 2015). As we facilitate these changes, we are creating new collections of species. While it is unlikely we could go back to the March-May lockdowns, which saw several countries practically close down for business, even 50% of those levels would have a negative impact on oil prices. The word ecotone was coined from a combination of ecology plus -tone, from the Greek … Changes in phytoplankton (size class structure) under thicker, multi‐year, land‐fast sea ice with reduced under‐ice light affected benthic invertebrate abundance by altering the quality of food (Kim et al., 2019a). Important changes in the biology of krill species (Euphausiacea) and their competitors and predators are described in Section III.3b. Since then, a vast array of results ranging from molecular to ecosystem levels has been generated. Only the most recent publications and only those considered to be ‘most important’ (for definition see above) are cited. A decrease in duration of sea ice cover, and the associated increased light and reduced sedimentation, resulted in a regime shift from an invertebrate‐ to an algal‐dominated community (G.F. Clark et al., 2017a). 2. Scientific key messages/themes, sub‐messages (left, abbreviated) with assessment of ‘confidence’ of the sub‐messages [centre; after Mach, By continuing to browse this site, you agree to its use of cookies as described in our, orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3773-9370, orcid.org/https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8933-6875, I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use, Microbial community structure of subglacial Lake Whillans, Antarctica, Ecological biogeography of the terrestrial nematodes of Victoria land, Antarctica, Widespread biological response to rapid warming on the Antarctic peninsula, Observed trends of soil fauna in the Antarctic dry valleys: early signs of shifts predicted under climate change, Warming by 1°C drives species and assemblage level responses in Antarctica's marine shallows, Response of Antarctic cryoconite microbial communities to light, Draft genome assembly and transcriptome data of the icefish, An insect invasion of Antarctica: the past, present and future distribution of, Polar zoobenthos blue carbon storage increases with sea ice losses, because across‐shelf growth gains from longer algal blooms outweigh ice scour mortality in the shallows, Functional group diversity is key to Southern Ocean benthic carbon pathways, Changing status of three notothenioid fish at the South Shetland Islands (1983–2016) after impacts of the 1970–80s commercial fishery, Thermal tolerance of Antarctic notothenioid fishes correlates with level of circulating hemoglobin, A mosaic of geothermal and marine features shapes microbial community structure on deception Island volcano, Antarctica, Signals from the south; humpback whales carry messages of Antarctic Sea‐ice ecosystem variability, High levels of intra‐specific genetic divergences revealed for Antarctic springtails: evidence for small‐scale isolation following Pleistocene glaciation, Plastics everywhere: first evidence of polystyrene fragments inside the common Antarctic collembolan, Phytoplankton production after the collapse of the Larsen A ice shelf, Antarctica, Microplastics in Gentoo penguins from Antarctic region, Physical, chemical, and functional properties of neuronal membranes vary between species of Antarctic notothenioids differing in thermal tolerance. To assume that fresh water influence is an inherent characteristic to these ecosystems could lead to important changes in the ecological organization and functioning of coastal lagoons where natural fresh water input is low or null. Ophiuroid assemblages shifted from suspension‐ to deposit‐feeder dominance. Antarctic ecosystems play a central role in regulating global biogeochemical cycles, particularly in the ocean, and affect the global climate system (Henley et al., 2020). Short‐term (∼2 week) studies of coastal Antarctic systems have revealed reductions in primary production and increases in bacterial activity (e.g. The findings in this synthesis focus on studies published since 2010, building upon research carried out since the beginning of the 20th century. Changes in these functions are rapid, hampering our ability to describe and assess their outcomes fully. Hints for benthic biomass decrease and composition shifts in a high‐latitude area, assumed to be caused by sea ice increase, are provided by Pineda‐Metz, Gerdes & Richter (2020). Relationships between 10 themes, for which we synthesized our 10 evidence‐based scientific key messages (left) and fields of applied research in Antarctica and the Southern Ocean represented by ecosystem goods and services (nature's contributions to people) or related applications (right). Upwelling meant that a calculated 66% of remineralised carbon reaching 1000 m depth was re‐exposed to the atmosphere after only 38 years (Robinson et al., 2014). New ways of using marine top predators as sentinels for trends in environmental conditions are emerging. 2. Similarly, Chown, Haupt & Sinclair (2016) showed that fluctuating temperatures had a minor influence on caterpillar metabolic rate, again indicating plasticity to microhabitat variation. These include co‐opted genes for intracellular freeze resistance, expansion of specific gene families that combat oxidative stress, a rapid amplification of transposable elements potentially related to speciation, and shifts in genetic and developmental programs enabling secondary pelagicism and niche expansion. For example, development and/or carbonate structures of young Antarctic krill, echinoderms and molluscs may be disrupted (e.g. Since then, the rapid development of biomolecular methods has enabled a variety of advances. Remaining isolated by being faithful to hydrocarbons alone, is no longer an option. Microbes such as eukaryotic phototrophs and prokaryotic photoheterotrophs, chemoheterotrophs and aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs characterise spring and summer microbial communities, whereas winter communities harbour a higher proportion of archaeal and bacterial chemolithoautotrophs (Grzymski et al., 2012; Luria et al., 2016). Though forests form the climax community in most of the ecosystems, in the grassland ecosystem grasses form the climax community. However, the direction and extent of range shifts vary among species. The patchwork of dynamic stages of recolonisation increase regional beta‐diversity (Turner et al., 2014). Pteropods, copepods and young Antarctic krill overwinter under the sea ice, where ice algae provide a crucial food source to sustain energy reserves (Johnson et al., 2019). A SCAR AnT‐ERA workshop held in Coimbra, Portugal, in 2019 identified 10 high‐level scientific key messages (Fig. Archaic crinoid ‐ dominated assemblages on an Antarctic seamount, Dominating the Antarctic environment: bryophytes in a time of change, Photosynthesis in Bryophytes and Early Land Plants, Enzymes from marine polar regions and their biotechnological applications, Microbiology of the subglacial Lake Vostok: first results of borehole‐frozen lake water analysis and prospects for searching for lake inhabitants, High resolution microscopy reveals significant impacts of ocean acidification and warming on larval shell development in, Influence of organic matter content and human activities on the occurrence of organic pollutants in Antarctic soils, lichens, grass, and mosses, Polynya dynamics drive primary production in the Larsen A and B embayments following ice shelf collapse, High levels of genetic structuring in the antarctic springtail, Nematodes in a polar desert reveal the relative role of biotic interactions in the coexistence of soil animals, Competition between native Antarctic vascular plants and invasive.