Based on this, the over all accuracy of, mapping was found to be about 90%. For the average transit depth of 0.55% in the Kepler band for K2-22b, the features in the transmission spectra can be as large as 1%, which is detectable with the JWST MIRI low-resolution spectrograph in a single transit. However, the RT and XO methods offer inherent advantages, and the future work to combine the elevation change detection methods to produce better estimates is warranted. Young people in Mumbai are taking action to protect the city's vanishing mangrove forests. Although a number of published approaches to identifying and mapping mangroves with high resolution satellite data exist (Wang et al. Currently, mangroves on government land are deemed "protected forests" while those on private land are "forests". Avicennia marina was found to be the most dominant mangrove species. been proposed. Mangroves of Mumbai Mangrove Destruction. Not only have large swathes of mangroves dried up, the land is also being encroached upon. Mumbai has set aside 224 hectares (ha) of mangroves as reserve forests. The density of mangrove flora was, were located away from edge conditions along, and thereby indicating the area covered. It was the British who, upon realizing the strategic and commercial importance of the islands of the Arabian Sea, ordered for the clearing of the mangroves that rimmed the once-separated islands to create a continuous land mass then known as Greater Bombay. 34, No. It was observed that wave attenuation increased with an increase in drag coefficient (Cd), vegetation density, and stem diameter. Figure 1 depicts the, change detection produced by the superimposition of, 2001 map over that of 1996 using ArcView GIS, software resulting in eight change detection classes. Mangrove forests are extremely important coastal resources, which are vital to our socio-economic development. (2014) The benefits of fringing mangrove systems to Mumbai. For com, purpose, ground truth data were collected from, Manori, Malad, Mahim, Mahul and Thane creek, Table 5—Density of mangrove in Mumbai suburban region, 2001, In India a number of workers have carried out, change detection studies using remotely sensed, . 0000010167 00000 n An unprecedented biodiversity crisis caused by human activities such as degradation of habitat, The ecology of mangroves – Ann Rev Ecol Systema. NDVI patterns show that the severity of vegetation damage varied appreciably across the area, with the least damage on islands in the western sector of the hurricane’s eye and around its center, and greatest damage on islands just east of the eye. Mangroves play a very protective role against some of these coastal hazards. Mumbai’s mangroves boast a history older than the city itself. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. The primary aim of the study is to estimate wave attenuation by mangrove vegetation using SWAN model in standalone mode, as well as SWAN nested with WW3 model for the Mumbai coastal region. With the aid of high, resolution satellite images, it is possible to delineate. future aquaculture progress should be planned with, care and with the full support of the people, proper legislation, fisheries should be encouraged to, avoid pollution and damage to the existing, measures are suggested for protection of m, Strict implementation of Coastal Regulation Zone, Promote activities that support sustainable growth, Develop awareness campaigns on the impact of. 20-26. The performance of the proposed algorithm is Blasco F, Caratini C, Chanda S & Thanikaimoni G, Main. Between, 1996 and 2001, the total area of mangrove, decline. New figures have been given for the mangroves of each concerned country especially for Myanmar. development and initial results of the prototype ka-band Maps prepared from images of, INDIAN J. MAR. cloud radar developed by SAMEER Mumbai are presented. This method can be used for atmospheric on (ICAR), Versova, Mumbai-400 061, India, on the scale of 1 : 50,000 from Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite IRS-ID, mbai suburban region has been estimated to be 56.40 km, ring 1990 to 2001, a total mangrove area of, mangroves. Symposium (Govt. (2005) and Lakshmi et al. In case of Elephanta, it was an Island category mangrove habitat. second highest for the mangrove ecosystems of India, after Andaman and Nicobar Islands mangroves. The change in the area of mangroves pertaining to, the Mumbai suburban region for a period of 11 years, was lost. The Mumbai main land was later extended, up to the Bassein creek on the northwest to include, the larger northern island of Salsette also. For a typical setup in the Mumbai coastal region having a vegetation density of 0.175 per m 2 , stem diameter of 0.3 m, and drag coefficient varying from 0.4 to 1.5, the model reproduced attenuation ranging from 49% to 55%, which matches reasonably well with the measured data. Thus the mangrove ecosystem sustains tremendous fishery resources. Collection of samples. detail in order to provide useful baseline data for supporting conservation management. Qualitative observations of these cloud microphysical startxref 2.2. About 40 ha of these newly-protected areas are along the Mithi river, which is choked by illegal construction. 1093 0 obj<> endobj Analysis of remote sensing data indicate approximately 210 km2 of the mangrove area along the Maharashtra coast. of India, from August 2015 to May 2016, revealed a distribution of 61 molluscan species, represented by Roots of the Water World. Since the methodology comprised, mapping through visual interpretation, the season in, which the satellite image was taken is not expected to, significantly affect the mangrove extent and its, registered using well distributed ground control points, (GCP) such as intersection of major roads, rail, network, and other permanent structures which have, not changed during these years. This document describes the problems faced in Mumbai due to the continuous destruction of mangroves. The Various studies confirm the destruction of mangrove throughout the globe and in particular have focused on estimating the total area cleared, rate of clearing, loss of sediments and erosion (Hatcher et al. Table 2 describes the area of coverage of the classes of mangroves in the years automatically recognize and remove contamination of hazes and clouds It was observed that wave attenuation increases with an increase in drag coefficient, vegetation density, and stem diameter. of India Press, Calcutta), 1957, pp. Blasco F, Caratini C, Chanda S & Thanikaimoni G, Main The data reveal that for 2.5 months after the storm, multiple inland vegetation classes showed substantial early regrowth. IRS P6 LISS III images with 23 m resolution can be processed after enhancing resolution to 15 m by merging with Landset ETM+ image to map inland fisheries resources through Geographical Information System. Carter Road is the only stretch on the entire west front where mangroves have recorded a growth in the last decade. Mumbai's Disappearing Mangroves: A Weapon Against Climate Change Is Under Threat : Goats and Soda Studies show that the city lost nearly 40 percent of its mangroves … So incorporation of seaweeds to the extruded products will give a great opportunity to promote the consumption of seaweeds as food in India and also increase nutrient level of the product as they have bio functional properties. For evaluating the molluscan diversity, 25 representative sites from the 8 mangrove areas of Mumbai were selected based on the mangrove diversity and various typical habitat characteristics following Vijay et al. 2. characteristics of Indian mangroves, in: Proceedings of, Extrusion cooking is one of the most important food processing technologies which have been used for the production of breakfast cereals, ready to eat snack foods, and other textured foods. Based on both fourth tasseled cap parameter and a haze optimized The productive land area has been increased from 1960. PDF | Mumbai's mangroves have been significantly depleted through historical city development and continuing encroachment. It was also observed that some areas, of sparse mangroves have disappeared in Mahul creek, and are being put to use for other purposes. In case of IRS data, hard copy, geo-coded images were utilized for visual, interpretation, whereas the SPOT data which came in, the form of diapositives was interpreted using a, Simple principles of photo interpretation were used, to detect and demarcate mangrove growth in the study, considered were tone/ colour, texture and association, study colour, texture and location of visual, mangroves showed slightly brownish/pale red colour, with medium texture. Superimposition of 1996 and 2001, map layers was later undertaken. Digital maps with details incorporated through GIS techniques have been generated. corrections to improve landscape change detection. CRZ/SN/02/00 (Indian Space Research Organisation. Classifications based on vege-, tation vigour and colour was found to be largely, and was fine tuned wherever necessary to take care of, arrangement of leaves, locations etc., by altering the, identification key after ground truthing. 0000001495 00000 n The, accurate mapping of this land resource is necessary, due to various benefits accorded by it, particularly, the livelihood of 50,000 fishermen in Mumbai. important for capture and culture fisheries. Field checks, were possible mostly in the areas that are accessible, by roads. Additionally they are. It has been observed that the quantitative. The total area of mangroves in Mumbai suburban region has been estimated to be 56.40 km2 (including mud flats) with dense mangroves contributing 45.4% to the total. The primary aim of the study was to estimate wave energy attenuation by mangrove vegetation using modeling, and to validate the model results with measurements conducted off Mumbai coast, where a mangrove forest is present. This study also highlights the importance of climate change and mangrove vegetation. For a typical set-up for Mumbai coastal region having vegetation density of 0.175 per m², stem diameter of 0.3 m and drag coefficient varying from 0.4 to 1.5, the model reproduced attenuation, ranging from 49 to 55 %, which matches well with the measured data. About 32.13% of this area is along west coast and the yield rate is about 500-600 kg/ha/yr. The storm caused extensive mortality of black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) and red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle), corresponding to more than 40% of the total mangrove area on some islands. Mumbai as mentioned before is the financial capital of India, these floods cause huge heavy damages to Indian economy along with these they also cause a huge loss of life property and cattle, giving rise to diseases and emotional disturbances for those who survived. 20-26. IRS P6 LISS III images were used for mapping. Table 2 describes the area, coverage of the classes of mangroves in the years, 1990, 1996 and 2001. The total area of mangroves in Mu, (including mud flats) with dense mangrove, was lost, indicating a 39.32% decrease in the area of, degradation of mangrove vegetation is largely due to, activities, conversion to agricultural land and fish fa, Mangrove ecosystems are highly productive but, extremely sensitive and fragile. The full extent of mangrove die-off was not immediately evident, and increased progressively through the first few months after the storm. 1093 26 Approximate overall density of m, had the lowest density, while Thane region had the, Human factors critically influence the outcome. Measures have been suggested for conservation and management of mangroves of Mumbai on a sustainable basis. The area enclosed by, GIS 3.2a software. trailer Kulkarni1, A. Babar1, A. Jaiswar2 & B. Desai-Chavan1 1Department of Biological Oceanography, The Institute of Science, Mumbai 400 032, India.E-mail: balasahebk@gmail.com 2Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Andheri, Mumbai 400 062, India. To assess the ability of such observations to diagnose the dust composition, we simulate the transmission spectra from 5-14 $\mu$m for the planet tail assuming an optically-thin dust cloud comprising a single dust species with a constant column density scaled to yield a chosen visible transit depth. Today, many of these mangroves have disappeared and only a few remain. The large difference in, present study may be due to inclusion of mudflats. It is observed that there is a net decrease in Sundri standing volume of the order of 40% and that of Gewa 45% over the past 25 years (1960–1985). 1.. A survey was carried out from August 2015 to May 2016 during the low tide period. 0000001749 00000 n of the major threats to molluscan fauna. But pollution is threatening the mangroves that draw in fish and … In addition, we identified several recurring limitations from previous studies. demonstrated experimentally. 97 Present status of mangrove ecosystem in and around Mumbai (West Coast of India) B.G. Anthropogenic, activities involving development projects have most. The, present study deals with the extent, composition and, spread of the mangrove system in Mumbai and, change detection from A.D.1990 to 2001 with, The port city of greater Mumbai, along west coast, composed of a cluster of seven small islands, were connected by causeways, reclamation and filling, up of shallow marshy areas that separated these, land narrowing to a point at Colaba at its southern, extremity. ��sUҹܖ. Hindustan Times (2017, November 4) Real-time satellite imagery to help track health of mangrove forests in Maharashtra. <]>> Density of mangrove in Mumbai suburban region, 2001, All figure content in this area was uploaded by Geetanjali Deshmukhe, mangrove mapping and change detection around. Botanical silviculture features of mangrove forest of Bombay State. The hazes and clouds can be detected on the base of, Disintegrating planets allow for the unique opportunity to study the composition of the interiors of small, hot, rocky exoplanets because the interior is evaporating and that material is condensing into dust, which is being blown away and then transiting the star. It is evident that the area of, the area of dense mangroves has increased in, study area (Table 2). integral part of mangrove ecosystems. metabolism of a Puerto Rican red mangrove forest. In addition to demonstrating the utility of high-resolution satellite image series for post-hurricane environmental assessment, this study reveals high-resolution links between vegetation types, their location within the cyclone, and the extent of post-storm recovery. Mangroves Is Important part of nature But We forget value of Mangroves In this video I'm telling important of video Conversion to agriculture, reafforestation, fishponds constructions, forest exploitation are now easily detected from space. Access scientific knowledge from anywhere. The formation of these marshlands can be traced to coastal alluvial deposits, which are of recent formation. K2-22b), making these good candidates for transmission spectroscopy. Qureshi I M, Botanical silviculture features of mangrove methods using Release 634 ICESat laser altimetry data: repeat tracks (RTs), crossovers (XOs), overlapping footprints (OFPs), and triangulated irregular networks (TINs). Gewa (Excoecaria agallocha)‐Sundri (Heritiera fames) cover type areas have been increased at the expense of pure Sundri type. 0000002870 00000 n However, a particularly large chunk of, area in Malad creek close to Millat Nagar, where, sparse mangroves were thriving till 1996, have been, completely lost. We find that for much of the GrIS, the OFP and TIN methods yield the lowest volume change uncertainties because of their superior spatial distribution of elevation change rate estimates. The help, rendered by Dr. Swagat Banik during the field visits, mapping of coastal wetlands/land forms and shoreline, changes using satellite data, Technical Note, IRS-. Remote sensing technology was used to detect changes in the mangrove habitat around the Mumbai suburban region. DNA BARCODES TO STUDY DIVERSITY AND SPECIES COMPOSITION OF CLAMS FOUND IN AND AROUND MUMBAI COAST. & Chauhan H B & Nayak S, Landuse mapping of. At the advent of the British rule the forest was double their present extent. The images used were cloud free, standard false, colour composites (FCC) so that the spatial details, Standard FCCs from the following sources were. Cloud microphysical study is one of the important physical Conversion of mangroves for coconut and paddy cultivation alongwith setting of fish ponds is an age old practice in coastal India and is called as 'filtration' or 'trapping'. xref Worldwide mangroves are fast depleting but because of the conservation order, Mumbai and its neighboring areas now boast of more than 5,800 hectares of mangrove land which is protected and will protect the city in future. Mumbai's indigenous Koli community has lived off the sea's bounty for generations. Brackish Water Resources Mapping of Ratnagiri block using Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System. The study shows a linear relationship between wave height attenuation and gradual changes in water level in the nearshore region, in phase with the tides. reflectance difference with the other regions, likes thermal spectrum Coastal regions of India are prone to sea level rise, cyclones, storm surges and human induced activities, resulting in flood, erosion, and inundation. Conversely, indirect impacts, such as freshwater diversion or chemical pollution, cannot be monitored with sensors operating in the visi- ble part of the electromagnetic spectrum. A total of 10 rivers, 24 creeks and 2435.16 ha of mangrove area were identified and mapped. Since s, In this paper, a optimized algorithm to recognize and remove hazes and Debris in Mumbai Wetlands Killing Mangroves, Raising Flood Risk. the Mangroves are small sturdy woody plants which are found in low-lying shallow areas. The brackish water aquaculture covers an area of 45,000 hectare are produced. SCI., VOL. Spectral analysis performed for the cases with and without vegetation very clearly portrays energy dissipation in the vegetation area. 0000009442 00000 n They were dominated by, other mangroves species. 1096 0 obj<>stream The. The number of species reported from the study is the 0000001357 00000 n 0000007388 00000 n often resulted in depletion of coastal resources, destruction of critical habitats, disruption of, ecosystem processes and loss of biodiversity. The total area, coverage by each category i.e., sparse and dense, mangroves was estimated using the ArcView, Fig. essential component in coastal marine ecological, cumbersome. Mangrove ecosystems serve as a buffer between land and sea. molluscan species diversity from mangrove ecosystem along the Mumbai coast has been documented in 1989, Valiela et al. It gives a possibility to add some beneficial nutrients to them. coastline on the west has four major creeks: Manori, extends from the south-eastern part of the city to the, Ulhas river in the north. 0000005068 00000 n ... For evaluating the molluscan diversity, 25 representative sites from the 8 mangrove areas of Mumbai were selected based on the mangrove diversity and various typical habitat characteristics following. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was utilized as a tracer for pre-storm baseline patterns and through 19 post-storm months. This paper compares four change detection. Accessed November 29, 2017. This accounted for 39.32% decrease in, area under the mangroves. CIR aerial photographs have been found most suitable for cover type analysis and other change detection study. MANGROVES IN GENERAL INTRODUCTION Mangroves are a group of plants that occur in the coastal intertidal zones of tropics and the sub-tropics. forest of Bombay State, in: Proceedings Mangrove Mumbai Mangroves, 2007) Figure d: Development into Mangroves (Source: Mumbai Mangroves, 2007) 5.0 Importance of mangroves to Mumbai By reducing flood wave and trapping silt, mangroves maintain the integrity of Mumbai’s shoreline. Using a uniform approach for quantifying uncertainties, we find that volume change rates at the drainage system scale from the four methods can be reconciled within 1-σ uncertainties in just 5 of 19 drainage systems. Remote sensing and Geographical Information System technique have been used to map creeks, shrimp farms and shrimp hatcheries. 0000008170 00000 n Mangrove forests have a unique character of floating foliage and roots. mangrove areas from non-mangrove areas. Given the ability of effectively observing vegetation at a variety of spatial and temporal scales, remote sensing has been widely used to monitor and understand the change of mangrove forest extent. Hindustan Times (2017, November 4) Mumbai’s mangrove cover up by 20 percent in 15 years, reveals study. 0 Comparison of Elevation Change Detection Methods From ICESat Altimetry Over the Greenland Ice Sheet. endstream endobj 1118 0 obj<>/W[1 1 1]/Type/XRef/Index[59 1034]>>stream 0000010906 00000 n x���{��c���Ь�.Z6�SB�`��0��B�l�>���E/�/Xu���My;���.������=����[�yU�M�`�gf�"L��� ��?���$��@�b/Ou""���% Change detection study has been made for the mangrove forest of the Sunderbans (Bangladesh) using remote sensing and other ancillary data (1933–1987). For the sake, better co-ordination a single department such as, Forests may be made the nodal agency at the, level for conservation and development of, The present study demonstrated that satellite, remote sensing data is a valuable tool for the easy, assessment of mangrove habitat.