1988;52:46–52. 2016;142:16–21. After entering into the organism, the initial virus replication occurs within the nasopharyngeal/respiratory epithelium [6, 7], prior to infection of regional lymphoid organs, where a second round of replication occurs [8, 9] and these disseminated the infection to distant organs. Google Scholar. Evidence that circulating lymphocytes act as vehicles or viraemia in measles. For mortality criteria, the first to die at D7 had 3 points, the last one at D10, the two others had 2 point as they died at D9, Group II presented a higher mortality score (2.5) comparatively with group I (1.5) (Table 1). Real time RT-PCR amplification and detection was performed using a Applied Biosystem 7500 real time PCR system with the SensiFast Probe Lo Rox one step kit (Bioline). PubMed  Rinderpest has been globally eradicated by mass vaccination. Nanda Y, Chatterjee A, Purohit A, Diallo A, Innui K, Sharma R, et al. The consent was obtained from MCI Santé Animale breeding farm to use the animals in the study. The economic impact of eradicating peste des petits ruminants: a benefit-cost analysis. Animal excretions starting from 3 to 22 days post infection [15,16,17]. bELISA was developed, tested and validated by the Pan African Veterinary Vaccine Centre of the African Union (AU-PANVAC) [36]. PubMed  All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Kumar N, Maherchandani S, Kashyap SK, Singh SV, Sharma S, Chaubey KK, Ly H. Viruses. Virus pathogenesis and genetics www.freelivedoctor.com Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. 2014;9:1–13. In the study, characteristics lesions of PPR disease were obtained in post mortem tissues. Get the latest public health information from CDC: https://www.coronavirus.gov. No virus is known to do good. Google Scholar. In fact, deep knowledge of PPR disease and their clinical sign in target species it’s a fundamental basis of effective surveillance. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. OIE. Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus. Both presented lacrimal, mucopurulent nasal discharges, coughing, diarrhea and asthenia. The aim of this study is to understand infection chronology, virus circulation, and contribute to the disease early detection. Evaluation of the virulence of some strains of peste-des-petits-ruminants virus (PPRV) in experimentally infected West African dwarf goats. This study evaluates the tissue tropism and pathogenesis of PPR following experimental infection of goats using a lineage IV virus, the most dominant in the world originated from Asia. Transmission occurs by direct or indirect contact with virus-contaminated excrements of … Rectal temperatures of goats following…, Rectal temperatures of goats following PPRV infection. Goats are considered more susceptible than sheep and occasionally wild small ruminants [18,19,20,21,22]. Rajak KK, Sreenivasa BP, Hosamani M, Singh RP, Singh SK, Singh RK, et al. All of the immune cells (lymphocytes, macrophages, reticular cells) can be a target for virus multiplication. eCollection 2014. Conclusion: in our study, the use of infected tissue is much more efficient than the cell culture suspension virus probably because of virus adaptation on cells. All the samples were screened for viral genome detection by qRT-PCR. Lacrimal, nasal and rectal swabs, as well as blood samples were collected from goats every 3 days post infection (dpi) and analysed by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to monitor viral load. Truong T, Boshra H, Embury-Hyatt C, Nfon C, Gerdts V, Tikoo S, Babiuk LA, Kara P, Chetty T, Mather A, Wallace DB, Babiuk S. PLoS One. Experimental infection of alpine goats with a Moroccan strain of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV). KEYWORDS: Spectrochemical-Assay, PPR virus, MTT assay, Plaque assay, Trypan blue assay. The isolation of peste des petits ruminants virus from northern India. Briefly, 25 μl of sera samples were added to 96 and incubated for 1 h at 37 °C. Pathogenesis of PPR. The obtained tissue virus charge score for group I and II was respectively 2.5 and 3.2 (Table 1). Get the latest research from NIH: https://www.nih.gov/coronavirus. In the absence of an adequate immune response the virus infects the major systems including the CNS. it’s then important to properly understand the pathogenesis of the disease of different strains. Prior to euthanasia, animals were anesthetized by intravenous administration of xylazine (Rompun 2%, Bayer) and intramuscular administration of ketamine (Imalgene 1000, Merial). Lung is the tissue with the highest viral detected charge (Ct 22.6 for Group II and 27.1 for Group I). The study protocol was submitted and approved by the Internal Ethic Committee “Internal ethic committee for animal experiment, MCI santé animale”. Albina E, Kwiatek O, Minet C, Lancelot R, Servan de Almeida R, Libeau G. Peste des petits ruminants, the next eradicated animal disease? KEYWORDS: Spectrochemical-Assay, PPR virus, MTT assay, Plaque assay, Trypan blue assay. A reliable and reproducible experimental challenge model for peste des petits ruminants virus. (2012) [34]. Swabs were collected in 2 ml PBS supplemented and centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 20 min at 4 °C. 1). The vaccinated animals should be completely protected after the experimental infection and unvaccinated animals must show typical signs of PPR. Post mortem samples were collected from the lungs, abomasum, liver, spleen, heart, kidney, intestine, mesenteric, sub-maxillary and pulmonary lymph nodes. One goat presented a mild dyspnea and alimentation decrease in the last days. doi: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2016.02.018. Munir M. Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus. Goats were allowed to acclimate to the laboratory environment for a quarantine period prior to experimental infection with PPRV. USA.gov. PPR virus (PPRV) and rinderpest virus (RPV) are closely related Morbilliviruses. Internal ethical commitee of MCI analyzed and approved the protocol before starting the trial. Osunkoya B, Ukaejiofo E, Ajayi O, Akinyemi A. Rectal temperatures were measured 3 days prior to experimental infection with PPRV (MOR15), and following infection every day until 9 dpi. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.053. PPR virus (PPRV) causes severe clinical signs in its acute form and signs severity depends on the species, age, strain virulence and secondary infectious agents [11,12,13,14]. PPRV genome was not detected by PCR for all samples collected swabs and viremia of two goats of group III. Ct values in the organs of the two controls goats were negative. Highest PPRV genome excretion value was obtained in rectal swabs followed by nasal swabs and lacrimal swabs. Animals evaluated positive by VNT were confirmed by bELISA. MJ carried out PCR testing. Furthermore, PPR is … Emikpe BO, Akpavie SO. Parida S, Muniraju M, Mahapatra M, Muthuchelvan D, Buczkowski H, Banyard AC. in the digestive tract he intestinal mucosa of the small intestine were moderately congested. At necropsy goats 3 and 4 of group II presented lesions of respiratory tract. CAS  Each criteria has a coefficient of significance (5 point for criteria 1, 4 point for criteria 2, 3 point for criteria 3, 2 point for criteria 4 and 1 point for criteria 5). Etiology PPRV genome was highly detected in swabs and tissues with clinical signs dominated by pulmonary attack and digestive symptoms secondary.  |  Article  Mc chesney MB, Miller CJ, Rota PA, Zhu Y, Antipa L, Lerche NW, et al. Following inoculation with PPRV, four goats of the two groups showed typical PPR signs from 4 dpi, i.e. PPR is widespread in Africa, Middle East and Southern Asia [3,4,5]. Similar signs has been also observed by several authors confirming that PPR is dominated by pulmonary signs [20, 31, 32]. The protocols can be used to carry out quality-controlled vaccine efficacy and pathogenesis studies under experimental conditions. J Clin Microbiol. Google Scholar. Viraemia began for group I at D6 with 40.4 Ct value respectively, for group II at D3 with 35.2 Ct value. The cell virus suspension had a titer of 6.2 logTCID50/ml. The mortality rate is 90-100%, and the morbidity rate may reach up to 100%. Animals were maintained 2 weeks under observations before starting the following experiments. INTRODUCTION In vitro cell culture system is a useful alternative to animal based research including drug effect study or pathogenesis of intracellular pathogen particularly virus, chlamydia and rickettsia. Goat 3 presented inflammation of the pharynx with bacterial complication and petechial leaflet in lung. These signs were scored as described in Table 3. 1). OIE. 2016;197:137–41. The pathogenesis of PPR is still poorly understood and PPRV strains have different pathogenic profiles [15, 19]. Protection des animaux utilisés à des fins scientifiques. Kivaria FM, Kwiatek O, Kapaga AM, Swai ES, Libeau G, Moshy W, et al. 2009;29:174–8. Small Rumin Res. Epub 2014 May 13. The protocol was submitted and approved by the internal Laboratory Committee. Results of this study indicates that PPRV is an invasive infection in animals that in a short period, less than 10 days, invade all vital organs. Alpine goats were used for a challenge model by Elharrak et al. Increasing body temperature was reported in group I at D5 pi with a maximum at D7pi while in group II hyperthermia started at D2 at to D7 pi. See this image and copyright information in PMC. Histopathological study of a natural outbreak of Peste des petits ruminants in goats of Tamilnadu. This hypothesis-based balancing act is important to understand PPR. Vet Microbiol. In the case of PI virus, and despite its freqeuncy, little is known regarding to their mechanism of pathogenesis.